Cumulant expansion for fast estimate of non-Condon effects in vibronic transition profiles

When existing, cumulants can provide valuable information about a given distribution and can in principle be used to either fully reconstruct or approximate the parent distribution function. A previously reported cumulant expansion approach for Franck-Condon profiles [Faraday Discuss., 150, 363 (2011)] is extended to describe also the profiles of vibronic transitions that are weakly allowed or forbidden in the Franck-Condon approximation (non-Condon profiles). In the harmonic approximation the cumulants of the vibronic spectral profile can be evaluated analytically and numerically with a coherent state-based generating function that accounts for the Duschinsky effect. As illustration, the one-photon $1 ^{1}\mathrm{A_{g}}\rightarrow1 ^{1}\mathrm{B_{2u}}$ UV absorption spectrum of benzene in the electric dipole and (linear) Herzberg-Teller approximation is presented herein for zero Kelvin and finite temperatures.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure; complexity discussed, method section significantly extended, computational details added, technical details explained, additional references include

Understanding Stress In The Operating Room: A Step Toward Improving The Work Environment

Job-related stress is an important factor predicting staff satisfaction and position turnover among nursing staff, particularly in the operating room. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived amount of stress elicited by events in the perioperative environment, the frequency of those events, and the impact of those events on the perceived stress of operating room nurses (ORNs) and operating room technologists (ORTs). The Survey on Stress in the OR instrument, which was used to query the subjects, exhibited high internal consistency of all items. The findings indicated that the ORNs and the ORTs exhibited remarkable similarities between stressful events perceived as high and low impact. The two groups agreed that the highest impact stressful event was pressure to work more quickly. Using the results of this study, OR administrators may be able to redesign the OR environment to minimize the impact of stressful events and thereby improve job satisfaction and minimize nursing staff turnover

The effects of geographic expansion on bank efficiency

We assess the effects of geographic expansion on bank efficiency using cost and profit efficiency for over 7,000 U.S. banks, 1993-1998. We find that parent organizations exercise some control over the efficiency of their affiliates, although this control tends to dissipate with distance to the affiliate. However, on average, distance-related efficiency effects tend to be modest, suggesting that some efficient organizations can overcome any effects of distance. The results imply there may be no particular optimal geographic scope for banking organizations - some may operate efficiently within a single region, while others may operate efficiently on a nationwide or international basis.Bank mergers ; Financial institutions ; Banks and banking - Costs